Ukuvavanya Umhlaba Ngaphambi Kokuthenga Isiza: Uluhlu Lokujonga Amanqaku Ali-10 Lokulumka
Uninzi lweengxabano zomhlaba eIndiya azikho ngokuqhathwa. Ziqala ngomda ongalinganiswanga ngokuchanekileyo. Ucingo olwakhelwe iifiti ezimbini kumhlaba wommelwane, inombolo yovavanyo ethathwe kuxwebhu oludala olwahlulwa kwiminyaka eyadlulayo, okanye indlela yokungena eye yaphelela ilulawulo lomnye umntu, konke oku kuqhele ukufunyanwa emva kokuba uxwebhu lwentengiso lusayinwe.
Ukuvavanya umhlaba ngaphambi kokuthenga isiza asikuko nje inkqubo yamaphepha. Sisinyathelo esinye esiqinisekisa ukuba umhlaba obhatalela wona uya kuba ngowakho ngokupheleleyo. Ngezantsi kukho uluhlu lokujonga amanqaku ali-10 olusetyenziswa emsebenzini wasentsimini, olusekelwe koko uvavanyo lomhlaba oluchanekileyo luyibonisayo ngokucacileyo phambi kokuba ibe yingxaki.
Uluhlu Lokujonga Amanqaku Ali-10 Lovavanyo Lomhlaba
Qinisekisa ukuba inombolo yovavanyo ihambelana nomhlaba
Hamba nomthengisi ejikeleze umhlaba ukubona ukuba inombolo yovavanyo okanye inombolo yokuchonga abayithethayo iyahambelana naleyo umlingane onelayisensi wovavanyo ayiphawulileyo kwindawo, kungekhona nje leyo ibhalwe kuxwebhu lwentengiso.
Linganisa umda wokwenene nge-DGPS okanye i-total station
Sukuthembela kucingo lomthengisi okanye inkcazo yomlomo. Umda olinganiswe kwindawo ukunika umlinganiso onokuwuqinisekisa kamva.
Thelekisa indawo elinganisiweyo noxwebhu lwe-7/12 okanye iirekhodi zomhlaba
Hambelanisa indawo elinganisiweyo nerekhodi lerhafu. Ukuba kukho umahluko omkhulu, inkcazo iyafuneka phambi kokuqhubeka, kungekhona kamva.
Jonga ukungenelela kuzo zonke iinxenye ezine
Umhlaba wase-Indiya, ngokukhethekileyo kwiindawo ezikufuphi nesixeko, uqhele ukuncipha kancinci ngokuhamba kwexesha ngenxa yokwakhiwa kwabamelwane okanye iicingo ezingenamvume. Uvavanyo lubonisa oku ngokucacileyo kwikona nganye.
Qinisekisa ilungelo lokungena emhlabeni
Qinisekisa ukuba indlela yokungena yindlela yoluntu; ukuba idlula kumhlaba womnye umntu, qinisekisa ukuba le mvume ibhaliwe yaza yagunyaziswa.
Yenza uphando ngobunini nemali-mboleko
Uxwebhu lobunini olubhalisiweyo kunye nesiqinisekiso semali-mboleko esigubungela imbali yobunini ende, kunciphisa umngcipheko wemali-mboleko efihliweyo okanye iimbambano ezihambelana nomhlaba.
Jonga uhlelo lokusetyenziswa komhlaba nemeko yoguqulo
Qinisekisa ukuba umhlaba ngowezolimo okanye kungekhona; ukuba ucwangcisa ukwakha, jonga ukuba imvume yoguqulo isele inikiwe okanye isalindile.
Vavanya imeko yomhlaba phambi kokwamkela isicwangciso sokusetyenziswa
Ukutsheka, icala lokuhamba kwamanzi, kunye neendawo eziphantsi kuchaphazela iindleko zokwakha nomngcipheko wesikhukula ngendlela isicwangciso sesicaba esingaze sibonise.
Fumana ingxelo yovavanyo ebhaliweyo, kungekhona nje inkqubo yesivumelwano ngomlomo
Ingxelo ebhaliweyo enemilinganiselo nemephu yomda kuphela into eya kwamkelwa ligqwetha lakho, ibhanki, okanye iofisi yerhafu xa kuvela umbuzo kamva.
Sombulula nawuphi na umahluko phambi kokubhaliswa, kungekhona kamva
Ukuba uvavanyo namaxwebhu awahambelani, sombulula oku phambi kokutyikitya. Ukulungisa emva kokubhalisa kuthetha inkqubo karhulumente kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo iindleko zomthetho.
Kutheni abathengi bewutsiba esi sinyathelo, kwaye kutheni kubuya kubangele umonakalo
Isizathu esiqhelekileyo kunazo zonke sokuba abathengi batsibe uvavanyo lomhlaba ngaphambi kokuthenga yingcinezelo yexesha: ixabiso elihle, umthengisi ofuna ukuvala isivumelwano ngokukhawuleza, umlingane wentengiso okhawulezisa izinto. Kumava ethu omsebenzi wasentsimini, umhlaba ophelela kwimbambano yomda uqhele ukuthengwa ngesithembiso somlomo kunengxelo yovavanyo. Uvavanyo luqhele ukuthatha nje iintsuku ezimbalwa. Imbambano yomda inokuthatha iminyaka.
Iindleko zovavanyo phambi kokuthenga zincinci ngokugqithisileyo xa kuthelekiswa nexabiso lomhlaba. Umhlaba osifonelayo ukuba siphinde silinganise emva kwembambano uqhele ukungabi noluvavanyo lomda oluzimeleyo phambi kokuthengiswa.
Ngawaphi amaxwebhu ekufuneka uwazise kuvavanyo
Yintoni ngokwenene ekwingxelo yovavanyo lomhlaba
| Icandelo | Yintoni eyiqinisekisayo |
|---|---|
| Umlinganiso womda | Iindawo zenene, ezilinganisiweyo zekona lomhlaba |
| Indawo ebaliweyo | Indawo yenene esuka kuvavanyo lwentsimu, ihambelaniswa nerekhodi |
| Iimpawu zokungenelela | Nayiphi na indawo apho ucingo okanye umda wokwakha wahluke khona kumda womthetho |
| Ukuqinisekiswa kokungena | Nokuba ukungena kumhlaba kuqinisekisiwe na ngokomthetho |
| Amanqaku emeko yomhlaba | Ukubukelwa kokutsheka nokuhamba kwamanzi kokwakha kwexesha elizayo |
Thenga umhlaba oqinisekiswe luvavanyo, kungekhona lowo uchazwa yincwadana yorhwebo.
Indlela iTrishunya eyenza ngayo uvavanyo phambi kokuthenga
Amaqela ethu asentsimini asebenzisa amaqhinga e-Uvavanyo lwe-DGPS ne-RTK ukubopha ikona nganye yomda kumlinganiso ochanekileyo, iwahambelanise namaxwebhu omthengisi, ize inike umthengi ingxelo enokuma phambi kwegqwetha okanye ibhanki. Xa kufuneka umfanekiso opheleleyo womhlaba, sidibanisa oku nedatha ye-uvavanyo lwe-topography egubungela ukutsheka nokuhamba kwamanzi, kuba nkqu nomda ococekileyo ngokomthetho unokuba yindawo embi yokwakha.
Ungaze ugqibe ukuthenga umhlaba usekelwe kuphela kwisicwangciso sesicaba somlingane wentengiso okanye uhambo lomda ngomlomo. Yima uqinile ekufumaneni ingxelo yovavanyo elinganiswe kwindawo phambi kokubhaliswa.
Ulungele ukutyikitya umhlaba?
Uvavanyo olumncinci lomda phambi kokuthenga ngoku lutshiphu ngakumbi kunokuphinda ulinganise emva kwembambano.
Imibuzo Ebuzwa Rhoqo
Uxwebhu lwentengiso luqinisekisa ubunini ngokomthetho ephepheni, kodwa alugunyaziswa ukuba umda wokwenene kwindawo uhambelana noko kuchaziweyo. Luvavanyo lomhlaba kuphela olunokuqinisekisa oku.
Kumhlaba wesigxina okanye wezolimo oqhelekileyo, uvavanyo nengxelo iqhele ukugqitywa ngeentsuku ezimbalwa, kuxhomekeke kubukhulu bomhlaba, imeko yomhlaba, nokufikeleleka kwendawo.
Ukungenelela komda ngenxa yocingo okanye ukwakhiwa kommelwane yingxaki eqhelekileyo kunazo zonke, ilandelwa ngumahluko wendawo xa kuthelekiswa neerekhodi zerhafu ezindala.
Ingxelo yovavanyo ebhaliweyo enemilinganiselo, kunye neerekhodi zobunini nerhafu, iqhele ukusetyenziswa njengobungqina bobuchwepheshe obuxhasayo kwiimbambano zomda.
Phambili. Kulula ukuxoxa okanye ukususa nawuphi na umahluko ofunyenwe kuvavanyo phambi kokutyikitya kunemva kokubhaliswa.
Uvavanyo lwe-DGPS lusebenzisa indawo yesathelayithi ukubopha ikona nganye yomda kumlinganiso ochanekileyo; umlinganiselo weteyiphu wenziwa ngesandla, uyacotha ngakumbi, kwaye amathuba empazamo aphakame ngakumbi emhlabeni omkhulu okanye ongenamlo oqhelekileyo.
Uvavanyo lomzimba lugxile kumda nendawo. Uhlelo lokusetyenziswa komhlaba nemeko yoguqulo luvavanyo olwahlukileyo, oluqhele ukuqinisekiswa ecaleni kovavanyo kwiirekhodi zikamasipala okanye zerhafu.
Yisa lo mba kumthengisi nakwigqwetha lakho phambi kokuqhubeka. Umahluko omncinci unokuchazwa yiindlela zovavanyo ezindala, kodwa imahluko emikhulu ifuna uvavanyo phambi kokuhlawula.
Ayiyomfuneko ngokomthetho ehlabathini lonke kuzo zonke iintengiselwano, kodwa iyacetyiswa kakhulu njengomkhwa ongcono kunayo yonke, kwaye amanye amazwe ayenza imfuneko ngeentlobo ezithile zomhlaba okanye umhlaba owahlulweyo.
Sebenzisa iqela lovavanyo elinelayisensi elinezixhobo ze-DGPS okanye i-total station, kwaye elinamava ekulungiseleleni iingxelo ezihambelana neemfuno zomthetho nokubhaliswa, kungekhona uvavanyo olungekho sesikweni.
Lo mgca yeyemibuzo yenkonzo kuphela. Nceda ungaqhagamshelani ngenxa yemfundo, uqeqesho, okanye umsebenzi.