Iingxabano Zemida Yomhlaba e-India: Indlela Uvavanyo Lomhlaba Oluzisombulula Ngayo
Kwakhe kwathi abantakwethu ababini basicela ukuba sivavanye umhlaba wosapho emva kokuba ucingo olwakhiwa kumashumi eminyaka adlulileyo lwalungasangqubani noko umntu ngamnye wayecinga ukuba ungowakhe. Akukho mntu wayenenjongo embi. Akukho mntu wayekhe walinganisa umda ukususela oko utata wabo wakha olo cingo, kwaye ngokuhamba kweminyaka inkumbulo yaqala ukukhukhiseka kude nenyani esemhlabeni. Kulapho uninzi lweengxabano zemida e-India ziqala khona.
Ingxabano yomda womhlaba ayifane iqale ngobuqhophololo obucwangcisiweyo. Iqala kumgca ongalinganiswanga: iingcingo ezingekho sikweni, iinkcazo ezindala zamaphepha, okanye ukwahlula ilifa okungazange kuvavanywe kwakhona. Uvavanyo lomhlaba lobungcali aluthathi cala; lulinganisa nje umhlaba ngokuchanekileyo lize livelise impendulo esekelwe kulungelelwaniso lweenombolo (Coordinate-based) apho omabini amacala nenkundla banokuthembela kuyo.
Kutheni Iingxabano Zemida Zisenzeka Rhoqo Kangaka
Iirekhodi zomhlaba zamandulo e-India zalungiselelwa kumashumi eminyaka adlulileyo kusetyenziswa amatyathanga nekhampasi, iindlela ezazingenakuchaneka kangako xa kuthelekiswa ne-DGPS yanamhlanje okanye i-total station. Ukusuka kancinci kocingo kwizizukulwana ngezizukulwana kunye nokwahlulwa komhlaba ngaphandle kokulinganisa kwandise umsantsa phakathi kwephepha nomhlaba wokwenyani.
Kuthetha Ukuthini Umgaqo Wokuba "Inyani Yasemhlabeni Yeyona Inamandla"
Iinkundla zase-India nabaphathi bomhlaba babeka phambili umgaqo ocacileyo: xa uvavanyo lwangoku lwe-DGPS lubonisa ukuba ubunini bokwenyani bexesha elide buhlukile kwiirekhodi zamaphepha amadala, umda olinganisiweyo wangoku unikwa ubunzima obukhulu bobungqina. Nangona oku kungayicimi itayitile ngokuzenzekelayo, uvavanyo oluchanekileyo lolona bungqina bubambekayo bobuchwepheshe.
Ukusuka kancinci kocingo
Iingcingo ezilungiswe kumashumi eminyaka ngaphandle kokulinganisa ziya zichezuka kumda osemthethweni.
Ukwahlula ngaphandle kovavanyo
Ukwahlulwa komhlaba phakathi kweendlalifa kudla ngokwenziwa ngamazwi kuphela ngaphandle kokulinganisa emhlabeni.
Uvavanyo lomda kwakhona nge-DGPS
Ukulinganisa izinxibelelanisi ezichanekileyo kunika omabini amacala indawo ebonakalayo engakhethi cala.
Ulamlo ngobungqina bovavanyo
Ingxelo yokulinganisa idla ngokuyicombulula ingxabano kwinqanaba lolamlo ngaphambi kokuya enkundleni.
Amanyathelo Okusombulula Ingxabano Yomda Yomhlaba
Qesha umvavanyi womhlaba ozimeleyo onelayisensi
Ingcali ilinganisa umda wokwenyani isebenzisa i-DGPS okanye i-total station ize yenze ingxelo yeenombolo.
Thelekisa neerekhodi zomhlaba zikarhulumente
Umda olinganisiweyo uthelekiswa namaphepha obunini (7/12 extract), izivumelwano zokuthengisa kunye neemephu ezindala.
Yiba neengxoxo ezisekelwe kwinyani
Xa omabini amacala ebona idatha efanayo yenzululwazi endaweni yeenkumbulo ezingqubuzanayo, iingxabano ziyaphela.
Sebenzisa ulamlo ukuba iingxoxo aziphumeleli
Izakhiwo ezinjenge-Lok Adalat zisombulule izigidi zamatyala zixhomekeke kwiingxelo zovavanyo lomhlaba.
Faka isicelo sokulungisa irekhodi okanye yiya enkundleni
Ukuba akukho sivumelwano, le ngxelo iba bubungqina bakho obuyintloko bobuchwepheshe enkundleni.
Amazwe amaninzi ngoku anamaxesha amiselweyo okusombulula iingxabano zemida: iintsuku ezingama-90 kwimiba elula kunye neentsuku ezili-120 kumatyala antsonkothileyo, ukuba ingxelo yovavanyo ikhona kwasekuqaleni.
Ingxabano yomda ayiphunyelelwa ngokhala kakhulu, kodwa isonjululwa ngulowo ulinganise umhlaba ngokuchanekileyo kuqala.
Iinkonzo zethu zovavanyo lwe-DGPS ne-RTK zenzelwe ngokukodwa ukusombulula iingxabano zemida, zibonelela ngeengxelo ezamkelekileyo kumagqwetha nakubaphathi bomhlaba, kwaye zikwabandakanya nedatha yobume bomhlaba (Topography) xa kukho ingxabano yemisele okanye iindlela zokudlula.
Kuphephe ukusa ingxabano yomda enkundleni ngaphandle kwengxelo yovavanyo lobungcali ezimeleyo. Amazwi omlomo nemizobo emidala ayinakuma phambi kwemilinganiselo yenzululwazi.
Ngaba Ujongene Nengxabano Yomda Yomhlaba?
Uvavanyo lomhlaba lwe-DGPS oluzimeleyo lubonelela ngokucaca okupheleleyo ukusombulula ingxaki phambi kokungena enkundleni.
Imibuzo Ebuzwa Rhoqo (FAQ)
Iingcingo eziguqukileyo ngokuhamba kwexesha, umhlaba owahlulwe ngaphandle kokulinganisa, kunye neerekhodi zamandulo ezingachanekanga.
Uvavanyo lobungcali lubonelela ngobungqina obuqinisekileyo bobuchwepheshe obunqumayo elamlweni okanye enkundleni.
Utyekelo lweenkundla lokunika ubunzima obukhulu kubunini bokwenyani obungqiniswe nge-DGPS xa amaxwebhu amadala engacacanga.
Ukuchaneka kwe-DGPS kweesentimitha ezi-2 ukuya kwezi-5 ngumgangatho owamkelekileyo kumsebenzi wemida.
Ewe. Ulamlo nge-Lok Adalat ngoncedo lwengxelo yovavanyo lukhawuleza kakhulu kwaye luneendleko eziphantsi kune-litigation.
Ngaphantsi kwemithetho emitsha, amatyala alula ajoliswe ukugqitywa kwiintsuku ezingama-90 kwaye amatyala antsonkothileyo kwiintsuku ezili-120.
Iphepha lobunini (7/12), isivumelwano sokuthenga, iimephu ezindala kunye neenkcukacha zendawo ebangiweyo.
Ucingo lungabonisa ubunini, kodwa alunakutshitshisa ukulinganisa kwenzululwazi okuchanekileyo ukuba kukho umahluko omkhulu.
Akubophelelekanga ngokomthetho, kodwa ukubakho kwabo kuthintela ukukhalazela indlela yokulinganisa kamva.
Kufakwa isicelo sokulungisa irekhodi lomhlaba (Mutation) okanye ingeniswe ingxelo enkundleni njengobungqina.
Lo mnxeba wenzelwe imibuzo yeeprojekthi kuphela. Nceda ungatsaleli imisebenzi okanye uqeqesho.