Izingxabano Zomngcele Womhlaba e-India: Indlela Ucwaningo Oluzixazulula Ngayo
Kwake kwathi abafowabo ababili basicela ukuba sihlole umhlaba womndeni ngemuva kokuthi uthango olwakhiwa emashumini eminyaka edlule lungasafani nalokho ngamunye wabo ayekholelwa ukuthi ungumnikazi wakho. Akekho owayenenhloso embi. Akekho owake wakala umngcele kusukela ubaba wabo akha lolo thango, futhi ngokuhamba kweminyaka inkumbulo yaqhela kancane kokuyikho ngempela emhlabathini. Yilapho izingxabano eziningi zemingcele e-India ziqala khona.
Ingxabano yomngcele womhlaba ayivamile ukuqala ngokukhwabanisa ngamabomu. Iqala ngomugqa ongakaliwe: uthango olungakahleleki, izincazelo zakudala ephepheni, noma ukuhlukaniswa kwamafa okungazange kuhlolwe kabusha. Ucwaningo lomhlaba lochwepheshe aluthathi hlangothi; lukala umhlabathi ngokunembile bese lukhipha impendulo esekelwe kuzixhumanisi (Coordinate-based) lapho zombili izinhlangothi nenkantolo bengathembela khona ngokugcwele.
Kungani Izingxabano Zemingcele Zenzeka Kaningi Kangaka
Amarekhodi amadala omhlaba e-India alungiselelwa emashumini eminyaka edlule kusetshenziswa amaketango nekhampasi, izindlela ezazinokunemba okuphansi kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa ne-DGPS yanamuhla noma i-total station. Ukusuka kancane kothango ezizukulwaneni ngezizukulwane nokuhlukaniswa komhlaba ngaphandle kokukalwa kabusha kwandise igebe phakathi kwephepha nomhlaba wangempela.
Kusho Ukuthini Isimiso Sokuthi "Iqiniso Lasemhlabathini Libaluleke Kakhulu"
Izinkantolo zase-India nabaphathi bomhlaba babeka phambili isimiso esicacile: lapho ucwaningo lwanamuhla lwe-DGPS lufakazela ukuthi ubunikazi bangempela besikhathi eside buhlukile kumarekhodi amadala ephepheni, umngcele olinganisiwe wamanje unikezwa isisindo esikhulu sobufakazi. Nakuba lokhu kungasusi itayitela ngokuzenzakalelayo, ukukalwa kabusha okufanele kuwubufakazi bobuchwepheshe obuqine kakhulu.
Ukusuka kancane kothango
Izicingo ezilungiswe amashumi eminyaka ngaphandle kokukalwa zisuka kancane emngceleni osemthethweni.
Ukuhlukanisa okungakaliwe
Ukuhlukaniswa komhlaba phakathi kwezindlalifa kuvame ukwenziwa ngencazelo yamazwi kuphela ngaphandle kokukala.
Ukuhlola kabusha umngcele nge-DGPS
Ukukalwa kwezixhumanisi okunembile kunikeza zombili izinhlangothi iphuzu elingachemile nelingenakuphikwa.
Ukulamula ngobufakazi bocwaningo
Umbiko wokulinganisa uvame ukuxazulula ingxabano esigabeni sokulamula ngaphambi kokuba kudingeke ukuya enkantolo.
Izinyathelo Zokuxazulula Ingxabano Yomngcele Womhlaba
Qasha umhloli womhlaba ozimele onelayisensi
Uchwepheshe ukala umngcele wangempela esebenzisa i-DGPS noma i-total station bese ekhipha umbiko wezixhumanisi.
Qhathanisa namarekhodi kahulumeni womhlaba
Umngcele olinganisiwe uhlolwa ngokumelene namarekhodi omhlaba (7/12 extract), izivumelwano zokuthengisa namamephu amadala.
Bamba izingxoxo eziqondile ezisekelwe emaqinisweni
Lapho zombili izinhlangothi zibona idatha efanayo yesayensi esikhundleni sezinkumbulo eziphikisanayo, izingxabano ziyaphela.
Sebenzisa ukulamula uma izingxoxo zingaphumeleli
Izinhlaka ezifana ne-Lok Adalat zixazulule izigidi zamacala zisekelwe emibikweni yokucwaninga komhlaba.
Faka isicelo sokulungisa irekhodi noma yiya enkantolo
Uma kungafinyelelwa esivumelwaneni, lo mbiko wocwaningo uba ubufakazi bakho obuyinhloko bobuchwepheshe enkantolo.
Izifundazwe eziningi manje zinezikhathi ezibekiwe zokuxazulula izingxabano: izinsuku ezingama-90 ezindabeni ezilula nezinsuku eziyi-120 ezimweni eziyinkimbinkimbi, inqobo nje uma umbiko wokuhlola ulungile kusukela ekuqaleni.
Ingxabano yomngcele ayinqotshwa ngokhuluma kakhulu, kodwa ixazululwa nguye owaqala ngokukala umhlaba ngendlela efanele.
Izinsizakalo zethu zokucwaninga nge-DGPS ne-RTK zenzelwe ukuxazulula izingxabano zemingcele, zinikeza imibiko eyamukelekayo kubameli nakubaphathi bomhlaba, ziphinde zihlanganise idatha yendawo (Topography) lapho kunombango wemisele noma wemizila yokudlula.
Gwema ukuthatha ingxabano yomngcele uyise enkantolo ngaphandle kombiko wocwaningo lochwepheshe ozimele. Amazwi omlomo nemidwebo emidala akunakuma phambi kwezilinganiso zesayensi.
Ingabe Ubhekene Nengxabano Yomngcele Womhlaba?
Ucwaningo lomhlaba lwe-DGPS oluzimele lunikeza ukucaca okuphelele kwezobuchwepheshe ukuxazulula inkinga ngaphambi kwenkantolo.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa (FAQ)
Uthango olushintshile ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, umhlaba owabiwe ngaphandle kokukalwa, namarekhodi amadala anganembile.
Ucwaningo lochwepheshe lunikeza ubufakazi obuqinile bobuchwepheshe obunqumayo ekulamuleni noma esinqumweni senkantolo.
Ukuthambekela kwezinkantolo ukunikeza isisindo esikhulu ebunikazini bangempela obuqinisekiswe nge-DGPS lapho amaphepha amadala engacacile.
Ukunemba kwe-DGPS okungamasentimitha ama-2 kuye kwangama-5 kuyindinganiso esemthethweni yamalungiselelo asemthethweni.
Yebo. Ukulamula nge-Lok Adalat ngosizo lombiko wocwaningo kushesha kakhulu futhi kubiza kancane kunecala lasenkantolo.
Ngaphansi kwemithetho emisha, amacala alula ahloselwe ukuxazululwa phakathi kwezinsuku ezingama-90 kanti ayinkimbinkimbi izinsuku eziyi-120.
Itayitela lomhlaba (7/12), isivumelwano sokuthengisa, amamephu amadala kanye nemininingwane yendawo ebangiwe.
Uthango lungakhombisa ubunikazi, kodwa alunakwehlula ukukalwa kwesayensi okunembile uma kukhona umehluko omkhulu.
Akuboshiwe ngokomthetho, kodwa ukuba khona kwabo kunciphisa ukuphikisa ngendlela yokukala ngokuzayo.
Kufakwa isicelo sokulungisa irekhodi lomhlaba (Mutation) noma umbiko wethulwe njengobufakazi enkantolo.
Le nombolo yenzelwe imibuzo yamaphrojekthi kuphela. Sicela ungathintani nathi mayelana nemisebenzi noma ukuqeqeshwa.